Showing posts with label NASA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NASA. Show all posts

Wednesday, 13 March 2013

17 Cool Facts about NASA

1.NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Aeronautics is the science of flying.

2.NASA was founded in 1958 as a part of the United States government when President Dwight D. Elsenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act.

3.The first human in space was Yuri Gagarin oApril 12, 1961.He is a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union(Russia).

4.NASA quarantined the astronauts who landed on the moon and when returned to Earth.NASA was concerned that astronauts may have picked up germs on the moon that don't exist on Earth.No one ever got sick,and after Apollo 14,the quarantines stopped.

5.Random Apollo command module names - Casper,Gumdrop and Charlie Brown.
NASA

6.Mercury-Atlas 6 was the NASA's first manned spaceflight.

7.The Apollo program was designed to send people to the moon.

8.Astronauts will grow in space.They become one or two inch taller when they are in space,This is because without gravity your spine straightens out ,causing you to stretch out.

9.On June 3,1965,Edward White was the first American to go on a space walk.

10.Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite in space.It was built and launched by the Soviet Union and marked the beginning of the space race.

11.The first  US American space shuttle is "Columbia", was launched in the year 1981.

12.The Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs helped NASA learn about flying in space. This led to the first human landing on the moon in 1969.

13.NASA Headquarters is in Washington, D.C. There are ten NASA centers all over the United States. There are also seven test and research facilities. More than 18,000 people work for NASA!

14.NASA makes satellites which helps scientists to learn more about Earth.It works to make life on Earth better.

15.NASA sends humans to the moon and other planets.It also sends probes out into space. 

16.The space shuttles can be flown back to the Earth and sent into space again,while a new command module have to be built for each Appolo's mission.

17.NASA is responsible for aviation and spaceflight.It works to make air travel better for everyone on Earth.

Saturday, 2 March 2013

Super Massive Black Hole's Spin Revealed for the First Time

According to a news release from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.,"The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) has spotted a super massive black hole spinning so fast that its surface is traveling at nearly the speed of light".


Astronomers measured its AMAZING jaw-dropping spin rate using new data from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, and the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton X-ray satellites.

"This is the first time anyone has accurately measured the spin of a super massive black hole," said lead author Guido Risaliti of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) and INAF - Arcetri Observatory.



Super Massive Black Hole's Spin
Super Massive Black Hole's Spin Revealed for the First Time

The study’s findings as published in the journal Nature.


A black hole's gravity is so strong that, as the black hole spins, it drags the surrounding space along. The edge of this spinning hole is called the event horizon. Any material crossing the event horizon is pulled into the black hole. Inspiraling matter collects into an accretion disk, where friction heats it and causes it to emit X-rays.

Risaliti and his colleagues measured X-rays from the center of NGC 1365 to determine where the inner edge of the accretion disk was located. This Innermost Stable Circular Orbit - the disk's point of no return - depends on the black hole's spin. Since a spinning black hole distorts space, the disk material can get closer to the black hole before being sucked in.

Astronomers want to know the black hole's spin for several reasons. The first is physical - only two numbers define a black hole: mass and spin. By learning those two numbers, you learn everything there is to know about the black hole.

Most importantly, the black hole's spin gives clues to its past and by extension the evolution of its host galaxy.
"The black hole's spin is a memory, a record, of the past history of the galaxy as a whole," explained Risaliti.
Although the black hole in NGC 1365 is currently as massive as several million Suns, it wasn't born that big. It grew over billions of years by accreting stars and gas, and by merging with other black holes.
Spin results from a transfer of angular momentum, like playing on a children's swing. If you kick at random times while you swing, you'll never get very high. But if you kick at the beginning of each downswing, you go higher and higher as you add angular momentum.

Similarly, if the black hole grew randomly by pulling in matter from all directions, its spin would be low. Since its spin is so close to the maximum possible, the black hole in NGC 1365 must have grown through "ordered accretion" rather than multiple random events.

Studying a supermassive black hole also allows theorists to test Einstein's general theory of relativity in extreme conditions. Relativity describes how gravity affects the structure of space-time, and nowhere is space-time more distorted than in the immediate vicinity of a black hole.

The team also has additional observations of NGC 1365 that they will study to determine how conditions other than black hole spin change over time. Those data are currently being analyzed. At the same time, other teams are observing several other supermassive black holes with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton.



Photo credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Tuesday, 19 July 2011

Moon Day - July 20

The Apollo 11 Crew
On July 20, 1969, America met the challenge and successfully landed two men on the Moon.This day is celebrated as Moon Day every year. 
Neil Armstrong, Commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and , Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot.
The Apollo 11 crew from left to right: Neil Armstrong, Commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and , Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot.


First man on the moon
NASA
The Apollo Space program, begun by President John F. Kennedy, was created to put the first man on the moon. Apollo 11 fulfilled that dream, carrying Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin Aldrin from the Kennedy Space Center,Florida.





Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin  Aldrin become the first men to walk on the surface of the Moon. Their lander touched down in the Sea of Tranquility at 9:18 GMT and Armstrong left the lander at 15:56 GMT saying "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." This event was televised across the world to an estimated viewing audience of 500 million.Both men spent nearly 2 and a half hours on the surface before returning to the lander to rest before departure the next day.

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